We did not use telemedicine that time: Can critical incidents analysis explain post-adoption telemedicine non-use?

Telemedicine can effectively support informed collaboration in health care, yet is underutilized. In non-use incident descriptions in interviews conducted in four case studies, clinicians explain why telemedicine could have been helpful had it been used. Analysis of 21 critical incidents reveals five broad reasons for non-use: 1) telemedicine not permitted, 2) local specialist expertise available, 3) specialist expertise not needed, 4) usage impediments, 5) use not yet habitual.